Begum Hazrat Mahal was the wife of former Awadh ruler Nawab Wajid Ali Shah. Her maiden name was Muhammadi Khanum and she was bestowed the title ‘Hazrat Mahal’ after the birth of her son Birjis Qadr.
She rebelled against the British East India Company during the India’s first struggle for freedom in 1857. After her husband was exiled to Calcutta, she took charge of the affairs in the state of Awadh and seized control of Lucknow. She also arranged for her son, Prince Birjis Qadra, to become the Wali (ruler) of Awadh. However, his reign was cut short. She finally found asylum in Nepal where she died in 1879.
The tomb of Begum Hazrat Mahal carries an inscription that she breathed her last in Nepal on April 7, 1879. She was buried in the courtyard of the ‘Hindustani Masjid’, the mosque she had built for her followers.
Decades later, this structure was torn down and a new mosque, now known as the Jame Masjid, was built in its place.
Today, Hazrat Mahal’s resting place lies in the mosque complex.
The staunch freedom fighter Begum Hazrat Mahal’s 136th death anniversary was recalled yesterday. Her great sacrifices for the First War of Independence are almost forgotten in India and, save some token events in Lucknow where she ruled and Nepal where she died, she could hardly be remembered.
Begum of Awadh and the first wife of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah, who was one of the heroes of freedom struggle of 1857, died on 7 April 1879 during her refuge in Nepal. She was remembered on her death anniversary falling yesterday but almost neglectfully.
Laying a wreath on this occasion on her grave in the courtyard of Kathmandu’s Bagham Bazar Jama Masjid, India`s Ambassador to Nepal Ranjit Rae recalled her contributions towards the freedom movement of India and said, “Begum Hazrat Mahal was an extraordinary freedom fighter of India, who played a vital role in India`s First War of Independence and her contributions towards the freedom movement of India will always be remembered.”
The Begum fiercely fought the British East India Company during the Indian Mutiny of 1857-58, with the help of her commander Raja Jailal Singh. When her forces regained power of Lucknow for a brief stint, her son Brijis Qadra was declared ruler of Awadh. Then, she was forced to retreat. She worked with the Maratha rebellion leader Nana Sahib for some time and attacked the British army at Shahjahnpur in collaboration with Maulvi Ahmadullah of Faiazabad and was ultimately forced to leave the country and sought asylum in Nepal. Then the king of Nepal denied her any official protection but allowed her to stay there. She died 135 years back and almost forgotten thereafter but by a handful of people living around her Mazar.
Her rebellion was ignited by the demolition of temples and mosques by the East India Company to make way for roads. On that occasion she quipped the British claim of religious freedom by retorting, “To eat pigs and drink wine, to bite greased cartridges and to mix pig’s fat with sweetmeats, to destroy Hindu and Mussalman temples on pretense of making roads, to build churches, to send clergymen into the streets to preach the Christian religion, to institute English schools, and pay people a monthly stipend for learning the English sciences, while the places of worship of Hindus and Mussalmans are to this day entirely neglected; with all this, how can people believe that religion will not be interfered with?”
Begum Hazrat Mahal’s tomb is located in central part of Kathmandu near Jame Masjid, Ghantaghar and looked after by the Jama Masjid Central Committee, without any assistance from the Government of India.
Her sacrifices were returned by the grateful nation by naming the erstwhile Victoria Park in Lucknow as Begum Hazrat Mahal Park in 1962 and issuance of a stamp in her memory on 10 May 1984. Later on she was hardly recalled by the successive governments, both at the center and the state.
Begum Hazrat Mahal Memorial Society tries to keep her valor fresh in the mind of younger generations by holding some lackluster programs from time to time. Yesterday, the society organized a seminar, in the park named after her, in which UP’s minister of social welfare Avdhesh Kumar said that Begum Hazrat Mahal was the great daughter of Faizabad who played an inspiring and memorable role in the freedom struggle in spite of her being a woman.
Hazrat Mahal took birth in a poor family of Faizabad and destined to become the queen of Lucknow and then be buried in an alien land of Nepal.
It is shocking to note that no memorial of Hazrat Mahal has yet been established in Faizabad itself what to speak it to be at par with that of other freedom fighter of the same stature Rani Lakshmi Bai in Jhansi and elsewhere.
To add into the tragedy, the state chief minister Akhilesh Yadav was signing an award letter for 20 acres of land to the Central Karak Clan Society of Korea for establishing a memorial of the legendry queen of Korea Heo Hwang-ok in Faizabad the same day when the country was paying homage to the forgotten Begum of Faizabad, as real historical person. Queen Heo is supposed to belonged to Ayodhya and married to a Korean king 2000 years back and had done nothing for the people of her home country. Heo is just a symbol of the presumed Hindu influence in the far east.
When the country regularly remembers some select heroes of the freedom struggle, the high sacrifices of Begum Hazrat Mahal and her family do hardly find space in them, although the entire family remained a staunch epitome of Hindu-Muslim unity, especially during the trialing times.
The author of In the City of Gold and Silver: The Story of Begum Hazrat Mahal, Kenizé Mourad, rightly commented, “Little known, little remembered, this is the story of Begum Hazrat Mahal.”
With Okhla input