London, November 23: An independent inquiry into Britain’s role in the war in Iraq begins public hearings on Tuesday that will culminate in the eagerly-awaited testimony from former prime minister Tony Blair.
Military chiefs, diplomats, ministers and senior officials will all be called before the five-member committee as it looks into what lessons can be learned from the controversial war.
The inquiry committee’s chairman, former civil servant John Chilcot, said Monday he was confident of producing a “full and insightful” account of the decision-making process which took Britain into the conflict.
John Scarlett, the former head of foreign intelligence service MI6, and one-time ambassadors to the United States, Christopher Meyer, and to the United Nations, Jeremy Greenstock, will be among the first to give evidence.
Scarlett was chairman of Britain’s main intelligence committee when Blair’s government produced a dossier outlining how Iraq had weapons of mass destruction — a principal justification for the US-led invasion on March 2003.
The weapons were never found. Why ministers thought they existed — and where they obtained their evidence — will be addressed by the committee.
Former UN secretary general Kofi Annan and former UN weapons inspector Hans Blix are also reportedly on the list of witnesses.
However, Blair’s evidence is likely to be the highlight of the Iraq Inquiry, which will be held in public except where national security is a concern. The inquiry covers the period from July 2001 to July 2009.
Blair’s decision to back US president George W. Bush and send 45,000 British troops into Iraq went against strong opposition from within Europe and at home, and was made in the absence of explicit UN approval.
The British campaign, which formally ended in July this year with the withdrawal of all but a handful of British troops from Iraq, came to define Blair’s 10 years in power.
Commentators also suggest the divisions it caused in Europe may have cost him the post of European Union Council president, which last week went to Belgium’s Prime Minister Herman Van Rompuy.
Blair and other Labour Party government figures will give evidence in the new year, when the inquiry team considers the thorny issue of the legality of the conflict, with the final report not due before the end of 2010 at the earliest.
Chilcot has said that his committee does not want to put anyone on trial but will not shy away from criticism.
“Our purpose is to establish what happened during the UK’s involvement in Iraq, and to identify the lessons that should be learned to help future governments who may face similar situations,” he has said.
He added: “The inquiry is not a court of law and nobody is on trial. But I want to make something absolutely clear — the committee will not shy away from making criticism.
“If we find that mistakes were made, that there were issues which could have been dealt with better, we will say so frankly.”
On Monday, he told Britain’s Press Association: “I am quite confident that we can come up with a full and insightful description of the different considerations affecting the legality of the war.”
He also warned against witnesses giving evasive answers.
“Because we have so much documentary evidence, a witness who sought to hold something back or misdescribe something would be on a loser because we already have all the factual underpinning.”
Announcing the long-awaited probe in June — the third official investigation into aspects of the war — Prime Minister Gordon Brown said it would be held in private and would apportion no blame.
However, he was forced to backtrack following a public uproar, an indication of how high tensions still run on issues surrounding the conflict.
The committee has already met with families of the 179 soldiers who died in the Iraq campaign, where they discussed why Britain went into the conflict and whether troops were properly trained and equipped.
–Agencies